Ferdowsi is the first Persian poet who under the influence of The Holy Quran and Avista has started his mathnavi with the name of God, and has followed the same pattern in most of the stories narrated by the charismatic kings and heroes of Shahname. The influence, both in structure and content, can be seen in the poems written after Shahname.This article performs a triple task concerning this OPENING line: first it examines its linguistic aspects (verse-form, meter, rhyme, phonological and syllabic functions, ambiguity of words and concepts, identical-word deletion, specific function of the verb bargozashtan (to go beyond); second, it focuses on the relation between the OPENING line and the poet’s way of thinking, (the triangle Name-Soul-Wisdom, as well as some of his thinking origins); third, it describes the literary function of the line (rhetorical values, foregrounding, diathesis, antinomy of some references concerning one pronoun, snobbery). Finally the OPENING LINES of seventeen mathnavis are presented in order to show that among all, Shahname’s OPENING verse occupies the highest position.

Background & Aims: Hydatid cyst is an endemic zoonosis in Iran which may involve various organs of body. Liver is involved in 80% of the cases; and lung is the second in 5-10% of cases. There are different methods for hydatid cyst surgery treatments; including Video Assisted Thoracic the Surgery, intact cystectomy, lobectomy, evacuation and bronchial OPENING closure (E.B.O.C). We have chosen the latter procedure.Materials & Methods: This paper is a retrospective review of 120 patients operated between 1990-2002. Results: The patients' age range was 3 up to 60 years; 62% males and 38% females. Patients present by symptoms as cough, sputum, bloody stained sputum, dyspnea, chest pain were 92% of the cases; 8% of the patients discovered incidentally. 10% of the patients suffered bloody stained sputum and 5% had intact hydatid cysts. Chest X ray used as a diagnostic procedure in 100% of the cases, and additional computerized tomography was (CT) used for 24 of the patients. Serologic tests used for 50% of the cases but it was not helpful in diagnosis. All patients were operated via a posterolateral thoracotomty. One hundred patients were operated by evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure (E.B.O.C), 8 patients lobectomy, and 5 patients by intact cystectomy and Wedge resections, and 7 patients were treated by Video Assisted Thoracotomy Surgery. There were no additional complication in one-year follow up in Evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure (E.B.O.C) procedure, and the residual cavity gradually filled up in 6 months. Conclusion: Using Evacuation and Bronchial OPENING Closure for long hydatic cyst didn't need any procedure to fill the remained cavity. After one year follow up there was not any recurrence or complication.

This study was conducted to investigate the hydraulic efficiency of curb OPENING inlet structures adopted by the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT). The structure consists of a rectangular inlet placed in a depressed gutter. The effects of many design parameters on the efficiency of the curb inlet were experimentally investigated and reported in other sources, but cited in the text of the paper. Based on the results of the previous studies, an equation was developed for determining the efficiency of the inlet structure. The equation defines a relationship between three variables: 1) allowable flow spread on the road, 2) road longitudinal slope, and 3) a coefficient K which was itself found to be a function of structure length and road cross slope. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental values of efficiency. The empirical equation provides a practical method for the determination of curb inlet structure efficiency and spacing of the inlet structures along the roadway. Application of the equation to geometries not tested in this study can be done by experimentally determining the appropriate values of the coefficient K. An example for the application of the equation for design of curb inlets has been given at the end of the paper.

In recent years, structures are becoming taller, and high stiffness lateral load resisting systems are needed. Therefore, more attention has been paid to shear walls. In this paper, steel plate shear walls are investigated, which are appropriate in terms of construction speed, cost, high initial stiffness, strength and ductility.A feature of these walls is the capability of being able to create an OPENING at any location of the wall, due to architectural demands, and some equations have been proposed for estimating the effect of these OPENINGs on wall behavior. In this study, the behavior of one-story walls due to monotonic loading has been investigated.At first, we tend to find more complete relations for stiffness and strength reduction. So, walls with moment resisting frames, with minimum stiffness of the boundary elements of the panel (based on AISC's recommended equation), with 8 different thicknesses for the plate, 5 different panel aspect ratios and 5 different OPENING percentages (square OPENING in the middle of the panel) that have been modeled in finite element software, Abaqus, and relations for estimating stiffness and strength reduction due to that OPENING are proposed.The other purpose of this research is to present a method for strengthening these walls to reach the stiffness and strength of walls without OPENINGs after creating the OPENING; which is mandatory when we decide to create it after its design and construction. So, walls with variable panel OPENINGs and dimensions, modeled in software, and their effects, were investigated.It can be concluded from the results that in the case of strengthening a wall with an OPENING based on the recommended method in this research, the existence of the OPENING can be ignored and conventional modeling methods for walls without OPENINGs can be used.These results are based on monotonic loading of one-story walls, but the cyclic behavior of walls and the effect of moments resulted from multiple stories need further study.

Background: Breaking the head of ampules may cause glass particle contamination of the ampule contents, causing thrombosis and embolism when injected intravenously.Objective: To evaluate the probability of glass particle contamination and find out the best method to reduce glass contamination.Methods: Contents of the ampules were aspirated by syringes and collected in lab tubes. Each sample contained 36 tubes and each tube contained 5 ampules. The tubes were centrifuged and the last drop was examined by a microscope. Glass particles were counted in 5 fields of microscope by objective 10.Findings: The finding indicated that the mean of glass particles in lined-ampules was less than unlined ones (7.3 vs 15.5, P<0.01). When needles were used, the particles were less as compared to aspiration without needles (15.5 vs 17.9, P<0.05). The mean of glass particles was less when needles were placed 0.5 cm above the bottom of ampules than placing them at the bottom of ampules (12.5 vs 14.1, P<0.05).Conclusion: We can reduce glass particle contamination of ampules contents by employing lined-ampules, using needles when aspirating the contents of ampules and not placing needles at the bottom of ampules.